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Quantitative MethodsModule 8 of 11

Hypothesis Testing

5

Concepts

3

Formulas

1

Decisions

4

Quiz Questions

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Key Concepts

5 concepts covered in this module.

Null & Alternative Hypotheses

H0: status quo (what we try to reject). Ha: what we want to prove. We never "accept" H0, only fail to reject.

Type I and Type II Errors

Type I (α): reject true H0 (false positive). Type II (β): fail to reject false H0 (false negative). Power = 1 - β.

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Formulas

3 essential formulas for this module.

Test Statistic (mean)

t = (X̄ - μ0) / (s / √n)

Where: μ0 = hypothesized mean

Test for Difference in Means

t = (X̄1 - X̄2) / √(s²1/n1 + s²2/n2)

Where: For independent samples

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Decision Frameworks

1 decision frameworks to guide your analysis.

Which test to use?

  • t-test: testing means (unknown σ)
  • F-test: testing equality of two variances
  • Chi-square: testing a single variance, contingency tables

Mind Map

Visual overview of how concepts connect in this module.

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Flashcard

Null & Alternative Hypotheses

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Answer
H0: status quo (what we try to reject). Ha: what we want to prove. We never "accept" H0, only fail to reject.
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Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests of Independence