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Quantitative MethodsModule 7 of 11

Estimation and Inference

5

Concepts

3

Formulas

1

Decisions

3

Quiz Questions

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Key Concepts

5 concepts covered in this module.

Simple Random Sampling

Every member of the population has an equal probability of being selected. Foundation of statistical inference.

Stratified Random Sampling

Divide population into subgroups (strata), then sample from each. Ensures representation of all groups.

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Formulas

3 essential formulas for this module.

Standard Error of Mean

SE = σ / √n (or s / √n if σ unknown)

Where: σ = population SD, n = sample size

Confidence Interval

X̄ ± zα/2 × (σ / √n)

Where: zα/2 = critical value for confidence level

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Decision Frameworks

1 decision frameworks to guide your analysis.

z-statistic vs t-statistic?

  • z: population σ known, or n ≥ 30
  • t: population σ unknown AND n < 30

Mind Map

Visual overview of how concepts connect in this module.

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Simple Random Sampling

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Every member of the population has an equal probability of being selected. Foundation of statistical inference.
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