Σ Quantitative Methods

Time Value of Money Formula — PV, FV, Annuity & Perpetuity

Master the Time Value of Money formula. Present value, future value, annuity, and perpetuity calculations explained with examples. Essential for CFA Level 1.

Key Concepts

Present Value (PV)

The current worth of a future cash flow discounted at the appropriate rate. Foundation of all valuation.

Future Value (FV)

The value of a current amount after earning interest over a specified period.

Premium +5 more

Free covers one Quants module. Premium opens all 10 subjects and 59 modules of CFA Level 1.

Formulas

From this module

Future Value

FV = PV × (1 + r)n

Where: r = interest rate per period, n = number of periods

Present Value

PV = FV / (1 + r)n

Where: r = discount rate, n = periods

Premium +5 more

Free covers one Quants module. Premium opens all 10 subjects and 59 modules of CFA Level 1.

Master Formula Sheet -- Quantitative Methods

Future Value

FV = PV × (1 + r)n

Single lump sum compounding

Present Value

PV = FV / (1 + r)n

Discounting future cash flows

Premium +12 more

80+ formulas from all 10 subjects in one place — edit and save your own version.

Decision Frameworks

Ordinary Annuity vs Annuity Due?

Use when:

  • Ordinary annuity: most bonds (coupons at end of period), most loans
  • Annuity due: lease payments at start, insurance premiums

Avoid when:

  • Using ordinary annuity formula when payments occur at beginning of period
Premium +1 more

Free covers one Quants module. Premium opens all 10 subjects and 59 modules of CFA Level 1.

Test Your Understanding

What is the present value of $10,000 to be received in 5 years at a discount rate of 8%?

Ready to study Time Value of Money Formula — PV, FV, Annuity & Perpetuity?

Jump into the full module with cheat sheets, flashcards, mind maps, and practice questions.

Start Studying

No signup required. Create an account anytime to save progress.